The operating and action mode of omega-3s

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How do omega-3s work?

Polyunsaturated fatty acids form part of the structure of the cell membranes, which are barriers with highly-selective permeability. These membranes are involved in the energy-transformation process, regulate the information flows between cells and contain receptors sensitive to external stimuli.

Omega-3 acids (EPA, DHA) and omega-6 acids (arachidonic acid) are constituents of the double layer of phospholipids that make up the cell membranes.

The particular configuration of the double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids gives them physical properties approaching those of a fluid. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids thus ensure the flexibility of the biological membranes.

They also play a role as messengers. Long-chain fatty acids are precursors for eicosanoids including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Eicosanoids behave like local hormones and regulate cell functions.

As eicosanoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids play a part in the inflammatory process, in regulating blood flow, in controlling ion transport and in modulating synaptic transmission.
Omega-3 and omega-6 eicosanoids often have opposing effects. Omega-6 promotes aggregation and inflammation, while omega-3 has the opposite, anti-aggregation and anti-inflammatory effect.

For further information

Essential fatty acids: cell structure

Omega-3 and omega-6

Main sources of omega-3s

History of omega-3s